The most commonly used number system in our daily lives, with a base of 10. It uses 10 digits from 0 to 9 to represent numbers. Each position increase multiplies the value by 10.
The number system used by computers to process information, with a base of 2. It uses only 2 digits, 0 and 1 (bits), to represent numbers. Each position increase multiplies the value by 2. It's widely used in computers because it's well-suited for representing two states, such as on/off electrical signals.
A number system with a base of 8, using 8 digits from 0 to 7. It was used in early computing to shorten binary representations. It works well with binary because 3 binary digits can be represented by 1 octal digit (e.g., binary 111 is octal 7).
A number system with a base of 16, using 16 symbols: digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F (where A=10, B=11, ..., F=15). Like octal, it's widely used to shorten binary representations. 4 binary digits can be represented by 1 hexadecimal digit, making it particularly useful in programming and low-level computing (e.g., binary 1111 is hexadecimal F).